Which of the following statements best describes the role of TGF-β in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)?

a. TGF-β is not detected in the vitreous of PVR patients and plays no role in membrane contraction

b. TGF-β stimulates the trans differentiation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells into myofibroblasts, contributing to fibrotic membrane formation in PVR

c. TGF-β exclusively inhibits extracellular matrix production in the retina

d. TGF-β levels are lower in eyes with intraocular fibrosis compared to uncomplicated retinal detachments

e. TGF-β signaling is only relevant to vascular, not fibrotic, retinal disorders


Explanation video



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